Spray nozzles transform the energy of a liquid into kinetic energy. The latter is utilized to break the liquid in little particles and disperse them evenly according to the desired pattern. In some cases the kinetic energy is used to give higher penetration force to the jet. Spray nozzles also allow to obtain pre-set flow capacity according to the pressure (see the tables)

Types of nozzles Industrial spray nozzles are available in a wide range suitable to solve every kind of your spraying problems. Each spray nozzle has a different spray pattern:

Hollow cone spray nozzles

The liquid particles are distributed evenly forming the outer shell of an hollow cone. The area covered by the spray, falling perpendicularly to the jet, is in this case a circumference whose diameter is relative to the distance of the nozzie and the spray angle.

Full cone spray nozzles

In this type of spray the internal part of the cone is also filled evenly with liquid particles. The area covered by the spray, falling perpendicularly to the jet, is in this case a circle whose diameter is relative to the distance of the nozzie and the spray angle.

Flat jet spray nozzles

In this type the area covered by the spray falling perpendicularly in an elongate elliptical shape The dimension of the lateral axis is relative to the distance between the nozzie and the covered area. The dimension of the longitudinal axis is relative both to the distance from the nozzie and the spray angle.

Atomizing nozzles

In these nozzies the compressed air is mixed with the liquid to provide a fine atomization. From the tables you can choose the type of atomizer which better satisfies your specific requirements.
Capacity
The capacity depends on the internal flow area and on the working pressure. In general the relaionship between the capacity and the pressure is the following: Q1 and P1 are known capacity and pressure. Q2 is the resulting capacity at desired pressure P2. All the tables of the catalog are based on water.

For liquid with a specific gravity other than 1 multiply the catalog water capacity by the following conversion:

specific gravity		0,8	0,85	0,9	0,95	1	1,1	1,2	1,3	1,4	1,5
conversion factors		1,12	1,085	1,052	1,027	1	0,954	0,913	0,87	0,845	0,816

Spray angle
Nozzles spray angle is usually measured near the orifice. As the spray distance increases the nozzle spray width becomes less exact because of gravity and ambient conditions. Also, an increase of the viscosity of the liquid sprayed reduces the spray angle. The table lists the theoretical coverages at various distances in relation with the spray angle.


Coverage

	H (cm)
	5	10	15	20	25	30	40	50	60	70	80	100
10	0.87	1.75	2.62	3.5	4.37	5.25	7	8.75	10.5	12.25	14	17.5
15	1.31	2.63	3.95	5.26	6.58	7.9	10.5	13.16	15.8	18.43	21	26.3
20	1.76	3.52	5.28	7.04	8.8	10.5	14	17.6	21.1	24.6	28.1	35.2
25	2.21	4.42	6.63	8.84	11	13.2	17.7	22.17	26.5	30.9	35.3	44.2
30	2.68	5.36	8.04	10.7	13.4	16.1	21.4	26.8	32.2	37.5	42.9	53.6
35	3.15	6.3	9.45	12.6	15.7	18.9	25.2	31.5	37.8	44.1	50.4	63
40	3.64	7.28	10.9	14.6	18.2	21.8	29.1	36.4	43.7	50.9	58.2	72.8
45	4.14	8.28	12.4	16.6	20.7	24.8	33.1	41.4	49.7	58	66.2	82.8
50	4.66	9.32	14	18.9	23.3	28	37.3	46.6	55.9	65.9	74.6	93.2
55	5.20	10.4	15.6	20.8	26	31.2	41.6	52	62.4	72.8	83.2	104
60	5.77	11.5	17.3	23.1	28.8	34.6	46.2	57.7	69.2	80.8	92.3	115
65	6.37	12.7	19.1	25.5	31.8	38.2	51	63.7	76.4	89.2	102	127
70	7.00	14	21	28	35	42	56	70	84	98	112	140
75	7.67	15.3	23	30.7	38.3	46	61.4	76.7	92	107	123	153
80	8.47	16.8	25.2	33.6	42.3	50.4	67.2	84.7	101	118	134	168
85	9.16	18.3	27.5	36.6	45.8	55	73.3	91.6	110	128	146	183
90	10.0	20	30	40	50	60	80	100	120	140	160	200
95	10.9	21.8	32.7	43.7	54.6	65.5	87.3	109	131	153	175	218
100	11.9	23.8	35.8	47.7	59.6	71.5	95.3	119	143	167	191	238
110	14.3	28.6	42.9	57	71.4	85.7	114	143	171	200	229	286
120	17.3	34.6	52	69.3	86.5	104	139	173	208	243	277	346
130	21.5	43	64.5	80	108	129	172	215	258	301	344	430
140	27.5	55	82.5	110	138	165	220	275	330	385	440	550
150	37.3	74.6	112	149	186	224	298	373	448	522	597	746

Droplet size (atomization)
The major factors affecting droplet size are the capacity, the pressure and the spray pattern. Usually an increase of the capacity, under the same conditions of pressure, produces larger droplet sizes. The increase of the pressure reduces the droplet sizes, as well as the increase of the spray angle. Air Atomizing Nozzles produce the smallest droplet sizes, full cone nozzles produce the largest droplet sizes. For every spray pattern, the table shows the median droplet sizes relative to the minimum and maximum capacity values, with a pressure of 3 bar.

	Ø lt/min.	Ø Microns
	0,05 - 10	20 - 180
	0.1 - 1.6	10 - 300
	0,39 - 95	300 - 1900
	0,39 - 31	220 - 2400
	0,74 - 104	850 - 3100

Impact
The spray impact depends on capacity, pressure and spray pattern. The highest impact is produced by solid stream and flat spray, the lowest one by wide full and hollow cone. Nozzle wear The nozzle wear produced on the nozzle orifice causes a capacity increase and generally a deterioration of the spray pattern. Under the same test conditions, stainless steel's wear is five time longer than brass wear.

Spray nozzles wear
The nozzle wear produced on the nozzle orifice causes a capacity increase and generally a deterioration of the spray pattern. Under the same test conditions, stainless steel's wear is five time longer than brass wear.